Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar. The hormone insulin moves sugar from the blood into your cells to be stored or used for energy. With diabetes, your body either doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t effectively use the insulin it does make.

Untreated high blood sugar from diabetes can damage your nerves, eyes, kidneys, and other organs.

Diabetes types

There are a few different types of diabetes:

• Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. The immune system attacks and destroys cells in the pancreas, where insulin is made. It’s unclear what causes this attack. About 10 percent of people with diabetes have this type.
• Type 2 diabetes occurs when your body becomes resistant to insulin, and sugar builds up in your blood.
• Prediabetes occurs when your blood sugar is higher than normal, but it’s not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
• Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar during pregnancy. Insulin-blocking hormones produced by the placenta cause this type of diabetes.
• A rare condition called diabetes insipidus is not related to diabetes mellitus, although it has a similar name. It’s a different condition in which your kidneys remove too much fluid from your body.

Each type of diabetes has unique symptoms, causes, and treatments.

Symptoms of diabetes

Diabetes symptoms are caused by rising blood sugar.

General symptoms

The general symptoms of diabetes include:

• increased hunger
• increased thirst
• weight loss
• frequent urination
• blurry vision
• extreme fatigue
• sores that don’t heal

Symptoms in men

In addition to the general symptoms of diabetes, men with diabetes may have a decreased sex drive, erectile dysfunction (ED), and poor muscle strength.

Symptoms in women

Women with diabetes can also have symptoms such as urinary tract infections, yeast infections, and dry, itchy skin.

Type 1 diabetes

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can include:

• extreme hunger
• increased thirst
• unintentional weight loss
• frequent urination
• blurry vision
• tiredness
• It may also result in mood changes.

Type 2 diabetes

Symptoms of type 2 diabetes can include:

• increased hunger
• increased thirst
• increased urination
• blurry vision
• tiredness
• sores that are slow to heal
• It may also cause recurring infections. This is because elevated glucose levels make it harder for the body to heal.

Gestational diabetes

Most women with gestational diabetes don’t have any symptoms. The condition is often detected during a routine blood sugar test or oral glucose tolerance test that is usually performed between the 24th and 28th weeks of gestation.

In rare cases, a woman with gestational diabetes will also experience increased thirst or urination.

Causes of diabetes

Different causes are associated with each type of diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes

Doctors don’t know exactly what causes type 1 diabetes. For some reason, the vulnerable system inaptly attacks and destroys insulin- producing beta cells in the pancreas.

Genes may play a part in some people. It’s also possible that a contagion sets off the vulnerable system attack.

Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes stems from a combination of genetics and life factors. Being fat or fat increases your threat too. Carrying redundant weight, especially in your belly, makes your cells more resistant to the goods of insulin on your blood sugar.

This condition runs in families. Family members partake genes that make them more likely to get type 2 diabetes and to be f

Gestational diabetes.

Gestational diabetes is the result of hormonal changes during gestation. The placenta produces hormones that make a pregnant woman’s cells less sensitive to the goods of insulin. This can beget high blood sugar during gestation.
Women who are fat when they get pregnant or who gain too important weight during their gestation are more likely to get gravid diabetes.

Diabetes threat factors

Certain factors increase your threat for diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes

You ’re more likely to get type 1 diabetes if you ’re a child or teenager, you have a parent or sibling with the condition, or you carry certain genes that are linked to the disease.

Type 2 diabetes

Your threat for type 2 diabetes increases if you:

• are fat
• are age 45 or aged
• have a parent or sibling with the condition
• aren’t physically active
• have had gravid diabetes
• have prediabetes
• have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or high triglycerides

Gestational diabetes

Your threat for gravid diabetes increases if you:

• are fat
• are over age 25
• had gravid diabetes during a once gestation
• have given birth to a baby importing further than 9 pounds
• have a family history of type 2 diabetes
• have polycystic ovary pattern( PCOS)

Diabetes complications

High blood sugar damages organs and tissues throughout your body. The advanced your blood sugar is and the longer you live with it, the lesser your threat for complications.

Complications associated with diabetes include:

• heart complaint, heart attack, and stroke
• neuropathy
• nephropathy
• retinopathy and vision loss
• hearing loss
• foot damage similar as infections and blisters that do n’t heal
• skin conditions similar as bacterial and fungal infections
• depression
• dementia

Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes can lead to problems that affect both the mama and baby. Complications affecting the baby can include:

• premature birth
• higher-than-normal weight at birth
• increased risk for type 2 diabetes later in life
• low blood sugar
• jaundice
• stillbirth

The mother can develop complications such as high blood pressure (preeclampsia) or type 2 diabetes. She may also require cesarean delivery, commonly referred to as a C-section.

The mother’s risk of gestational diabetes in future pregnancies also increases.

Treatment of diabetes

Doctors treat diabetes with a few different medications. Some of these drugs are taken by mouth, while others are available as injections.

Type 1 diabetes

Insulin is the main treatment for type 1 diabetes. It replaces the hormone your body isn’t able to produce.

There are four types of insulin that are most commonly used. They’re differentiated by how quickly they start to work, and how long their effects last:

• Rapid-acting insulin starts to work within 15 minutes and its effects last for 3 to 4 hours.
• Short-acting insulin starts to work within 30 minutes and lasts 6 to 8 hours.
• Intermediate-acting insulin starts to work within 1 to 2 hours and lasts 12 to 18 hours.
• Long-acting insulin starts to work a few hours after injection and lasts 24 hours or longer.

Type 2 diabetes

Diet and exercise can help some people manage type 2 diabetes. If lifestyle changes aren’t enough to lower your blood sugar, you’ll need to take medication.

These drugs lower your blood sugar in a variety of ways.

You may need to take more than one of these drugs. Some people with type 2 diabetes also take insulin.

Gestational diabetes

You’ll need to monitor your blood sugar level several times a day during pregnancy. If it’s high, dietary changes and exercise may or may not be enough to bring it down.

According to the Mayo Clinic, about 10 to 20 percent of women with gestational diabetes will need insulin to lower their blood sugar. Insulin is safe for the growing baby.

Natural Treatment

Diabetes drugs can be a great way to keep your blood sugar levels from getting out of whack. But they can sometimes cause side effects or may not mix well with other medicines you take.

Medicines do not treat permanently, they only stabilize the sugar level, Very expensive, and difficult to maintain for a long time.

What are the side effects? You may have nausea, gas, bloating, diarrhea, b12 deficiency, and an upset stomach.

Metformin may cause a serious condition called lactic acidosis. That’s when too much lactic acid builds up.

Also, insulin leads to many negative effects.

One of the worst of these negative damages:

• swelling of your arms and legs
• weight gain
• low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). This needs to be treated
• sweating
• dizziness or lightheadedness
• shakiness
• hunger
• fast heart rate
• tingling in your hands, feet, lips, or tongue
• trouble concentrating or confusion
• blurred vision
• slurred speech
• anxiety, irritability, or mood changes
• injection site reactions.

Symptoms at the injection site can include:

• redness
• swelling
• itching
• skin changes at the injection site (lipodystrophy)
• shrinking or thickening skin at the injection sites.

Because of the shortcomings of chemical drugs and their negative impact on health, people have recently started to prefer herbal and natural alternatives, especially in the early stages of the disease. For patients with type 2 diabetes, this can usually be helpful.

There are many herbs that help in the recovery from diabetes, including:

• cinnamon
• ginseng
• the ring
• bitter gourd
• the Garlic
• evening primrose
• borage oil
• almond
• pistachio
• coffee
• Green tea

Companies are starting to go to prepare herbal mixtures, natural nutritional supplements that treat diabetes, like complement Anti Diabetic to stabilize diabetes

Source : Healthline